Bias In Memoryīias can also sometimes lead us to see and remember things differently. For example, we might feel angry with someone who cuts in front of us while we're driving at the designated speed, but then we might feel justified in doing it ourselves if we are in a hurry. We may look more favorably on our actions than we do on those of others. If somebody is late for an appointment, we may believe they are being discourteous and are making up excuses for being late, but if we miss an appointment by 20 minutes, we may attribute it to something unexpected that came up. We may have an expectation regarding other people's actions that don't conform to our own. The APA describes the actor-observer effect as follows: “In attribution theory, the tendency for individuals acting in a situation to attribute the causes of their behavior to external or situational factors, such as social pressure, but for observers to attribute the same behavior to internal or dispositional factors, such as personality.” One such bias is called the actor-observer bias, which is related to the actor-observer effect. In addition to affecting the findings of scientific studies, various types of bias can have an effect on our everyday lives. When observer bias influences researchers, it has the potential to bleed into the conclusions they draw, which can inform practice in various fields and have an impact on people’s beliefs. They may justify the qualities of a girl's mathematic skills by stating she had to study harder and take more time to arrive at her math solutions than the boys did. Likewise, a researcher who holds an erroneous stereotype that girls are less capable of understanding math than boys may focus more on how well the boys are doing and less on the successful girls. For example, traditional observations may lead a person to believe that a man who crochets has a strong feminine side, not that he finds crocheting something relaxing to do with his fingers. Typically, people may have preconceived ideas about the differences between people of different genders. One of the most common types of observer bias relates to gender association.

Observer actor bias